The Role of Genetics In Alzheimer’s Disease Essay example

Introduction: Memory plays a significant role in the everyday lives of people of all ages. It allows them to recall information and remember skills that were learned in the past. Memory also organizes past information to help people make current and future decisions. However, imagine forgetting the names of close family members or not having the ability to find your keys every time you want to leave the house. These are some of the struggles that people with Alzheimer’s disease face daily. Alzheimer’s disease was first identified by German neurologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, and was discovered to have an overpowering effect on explicit memory loss (Gruetzner, 1988). There are two types of Alzheimer’s disease – early onset and late†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the microtubules are no longer able to transport nutrients from one part of the neuron to the other. The lack of sufficient support results in the death of acetylcholine neurons. Neuron l oss first occurs in the hippocampus, which is why memory loss is the initial symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (Petersen, 2002). The disease then spreads to the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. The amygdala and other parts of the limbic system are also attacked, resulting in damage to other cognitive functions. One particular neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, is rich in an area of the brain called the basal nucleus of Meynert. Destruction of the basal nucleus causes a decrease in acetylcholine levels, which makes the formation and retrieval of memories more difficult. As Alzheimer’s disease becomes more severe, the hippocampus and cortical regions of the brain shrink and the ventricles become larger as a result of neuronal death. Symptoms and Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease: Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia so it is characterized by damage in brain functioning. Therefore, some of the symptoms include defective thinking and remembering (Gruetzner, 1988). As Alzheimer’s disease develops further, explicit memory loss results in personality changes and difficulty in performing familiar activities. New learning andShow MoreRelated The Role of Genetics in Alzheimers Disease Essay3019 Words   |  13 PagesThe Role of Genetics in Alzheimers Disease The call came at 9:05 p.m. on January 20, 2004. Mom had just finished telling the news about the girls grandfather. He had Alzheimers Disease and was not doing well at all. The ruling was that he probably would not make it through the night. She knew exactly what the news was the moment her mom said, No. After the news came, the decision was made they would leave the next day to attend the funeral. This girl began wondering, If grandpa hadRead MoreAlzheimers Disease1334 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Brittany Mathis HCS/245 July 14,2013 Tynan Weed Abstract Alzheimer’s has many causes and affects each patient differently. There have been studies done that have found that older African American’s are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s than older whites. A cause of Alzheimer’s has not been completely identified yet, but genetic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk. While we all know that Alzheimer’s is a complicated disease there areRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1257 Words   |  6 Pages Alzheimer’s in its Full Effect Alzheimer’s disease is named after German physician, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes that happened in the brain tissue of Auguste D., who had died of an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and unpredictable behavior. So, what exactly is Alzheimer’s? It is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplestRead MoreGenetics, Brain Structure and Behavior1552 Words   |  7 PagesGenetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Evaluation. Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Evaluation. I decided to pick Team E’s presentation to evaluate. This team’s topic was the only one that I haven’t done some sort of research on for another class, and I felt that it was best that I picked something that I don’t really know any details about. Team E’s power point presentation was on Alzheimer’s disease. This disease was discovered in 1906 by Dr. Alois AlzheimerRead MoreThe Stages Of Alzheimer s Disease1154 Words   |  5 Pagesabout 47.5 million people living with the neurological disorder known as Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease was discovered by a German scientist known as Alois Alzheimer’s in the 21st century. Alzheimer’s is a disease which develops in many people around mid-adulthood. Alzheimer’s disease is when an individual’s brain starts to degenerate because of neuronal loss and also when the neurotransmitters decline their function. Alzheimer’s is when an individual is losing th eir memories because of their neuronsRead MoreEssay about Genetics: The Concept of Epistasis1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthe result of this interaction is related to the susceptibility to various human diseases (Nagel 2005). An example of such human disease is the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a severe disease causing brain degeneration, strongly affecting memory. Recently, the focus on the study of epistasis has been enhanced as it has been acknowledged that the study of gene interaction is crucial for further understanding complex diseases. The concept of Epistasis There are two major definitions aiming to explain theRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On The American Population Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most devastating degenerative diseases affecting the American population. It is one form of dementia. Dementia is a group of conditions characterized by impairment of at least two brain functions, such as memory loss and judgment. Symptoms include forgetfulness, limited social skills, and thinking abilities so impaired that it interferes with daily functioning. Alzheimer has very few treatment options even though it is increasing globally. Recently environmentalRead MoreEffects Of The Brain On Alzheimer s Disease1467 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in the brain may a play role in Alzheimer’s disease Introduction â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks individuals with AD may start having symptoms their mid-60s† (nih.gov). AD is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disease. â€Å"Parts of AD, for example, increased oxidative state, amyloid plaque deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle of tauRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease is an irreversible, genetically linked illness. This disease was chosen for the topic of this essay under the consideration that in many families the illness can be incredibly tragic, passing down for generations without mercy. It is not rare to encounter families in which each member is afflicted with a form, mild or severe, of Alzheimer’s. The disease is a progressive brain disease which comes in two separate types: Early-Onset Alzheimerâ€⠄¢s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’sRead MoreDementia and Alzheimer ´s Disease1636 Words   |  7 Pages1. Throughout this line of study, Alzheimer’s disease is a specific form of dementia. According to Alzheimer’s Association, dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability that is severe enough to hinder daily life. Memory loss is a symptom of dementia and the most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s. One of the most common and severe symptom of Alzheimer’s is difficulty remembering newly learned information. The changes of Alzheimer’s normally begin in the part of the brain that affects

Animal Testing Critical Thinking - 2384 Words

Animal Testing Nicole Mayo PHIL250: Critical Thinking Mr. Alex Sparrow Bryant Stratton College July 5, 2014 Abstract Experimenters use animals to test drugs, household products, cosmetics and chemicals to assess their safety for use with humans. Mixtures of tests are sometimes very painful and stressful for animals and many of them resulting in the animal’s death. Due to the diversity in the biological make-up of animals, outcome from animal testing are not always relevant to humans. Millions of animals suffer and die every year in experiments that are carried out inside laboratories. Most animal experiments are carried out for medical research. Many are also carried out to test the safety of a wide range of products and chemicals, such as medicines, pesticides, household cleaners and food additives. The experiments often cause terrible suffering to the animals. Furthermore, tests carried out on different species often give different results. This means that the results from animal experiments can be misleading and unreliable when applied to people. Animal Testing Animal testing is cruel and offensive to all animals and it is something to which animals should not be subjected. Humans use helpless animals to do all types of experiments to see what humans should not use or how it will affects the human body. Mostly it involves using animals in various laboratory tests and techniques to collect data regarding others response to certainShow MoreRelatedArguments Against Animal Testing1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about animal experimentation? Thoughts of innocent, lovable animals being stabbed with sharp needles? Well, that is not exactly the case, as animal experimentation plays a very important role in human health today. However, the idea of animals testing has become quite a controversial topic. Over the past few decades, there has been an extensive debate over the use of animals in medical and product testing. The majority of people seem to think that it is an unnecessaryRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banne d1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthe field of science has used animals in medical experiments worldwide, because of this innocent animals are being killed everyday. They are being tested with new drugs, new treatments, and by many makeup companies. Connecticut recently celebrated the passage of the â€Å"Beagle Freedom Law†, a law that requires laboratories to work with charities and rescue groups to find homes for research cats and dogs. Animals are being tested so humans do not have to be but animal tests do not reliably predict resultsRead MoreAnimal Testing And Biological Experiments1308 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals, humans, alike are thinking breathing and emotional creatures that habit this beautiful Earth. Every year over 100 million animals die from animal testing and biological experiments (Peta.) Animals may not be able to reason or talk, but they can suffer. They feel pain and fear similarly to the way humans do, in fact their reactions to pain are almost identical. T herefore should not be taken advantage of or used as test dummies. The consequence of testing on animals for the greater good doesRead MoreCritical Thinking and Evaluation of Sources1038 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Evaluation of Sources Critical thinking is learning to think for yourself and to develop your own independent opinions, backed by sound reasoning and support. It is learning to drop the role of passive student and to assume the role of a self reliant thinker and researcher. Critical thinking enters into important decisions in your daily life and affects your growth process in school and work. The term critical thinking describes the deliberate thinking that helps you to decideRead MoreBiological Psychology : The Biological Bases Of Psychological Processes, Behavior, And Learning1722 Words   |  7 Pagesare very advances studies today for it also. One major way to get ideas of the functions that various areas of the brain control is to study animals or people with damage in those areas. In animals, researches would damage a section of the brain to test, after they see what abilities the animal has lost or any changes in activity or behavior. The animal would not be harmed after due to a procedure called deep lesioning. It is an insertion of a insulated wire into the brain through which an electricalRead MoreThe Scopes Monkey Trial And On Debating The Legality Of Teaching Evolution1037 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion. The creation of the universe has many different stories told in many different religions. Evolution disproves many of these creation stories. For example, if the Christian God created the universe in seven days and this included all of the animals, plants, and humans this would be contradicted by the theory of evolution that states that organisms evolved overtime into what is here today. In Inherit the Wind this was used as the main prosecution against a biology teacher who taught his studentsRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Right Or Wrong1978 Words   |  8 Pageswho is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.† This paper will be covering the moral issue on animal testing and whether animal testing is right or wrong. I will be applying the theories of Deontological, Utilitarianism and Virtue Ethics viewpoints on animal testing and then see which moral issue is better. Animal testing is a very relevant and debatable moral issue. It is when scientists take animals and run differentRead MoreLife of Pi - Why Does Pi Survive?1045 Words   |  5 Pageshis survival. Furthermore, the role of Richard Parker in keeping Pi motivated to survive cannot be overstated enough because even Pi mentions that he would have died without his sole companion at sea. In addition to that, Pi’s prior knowledge of animals serves him well. Coupled with the information and facts gained from the boat’s survival manual, Pi becomes well equipped to survive. Lastly, with faith as a central theme of this text, readers can see how Pi owes his ultimate survival to his steadfastRead MoreMy Own Developing Pedagogy Gravitates Towards The Steiner Model980 Words   |  4 Pagesextra-curricular or affordability challenges). The curriculum is multi-disciplinary and integrated in its application, involving the head (Thinking), the heart (Feeling) and the hands (Will). These principles underline the practices in Steiner Schools, and explain why some contentious issues such as the reading age, technology or standardised external testing is considered inappropriate. These issues are replicated to varying degrees in metro, rural, regional and indeed global education researchRead MoreTaking a Look at Personality Testing1387 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality testing allows psychologists to assess and describe an individual’s personality on a systematic and scientific level. Personality testing is used for the assessment of proposed theories, track personality changes, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnose psychological issues and many more things. This essay will demonstrate how objective and projective approaches to personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better form of personality

Corruption Of Leadership On Animal Farm - 964 Words

Victoria Langham Mrs. Witherow English 11H 13 October 2017 Corruption of Leadership on Animal Farm Lord Acton sent a letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton on April 5,1887. The letter contained the statement â€Å"power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely† which Animal Farm is a satire novella about the influences and nature of power and how it can be used for ultimate good or absolute evil. At the beginning of Animal Farm power was used to achieve great things; it brought all members of Manor Farm together under a united cause and allowed them gain their freedom from oppression. After this initial positive influence of power, however, it began to destroy the community that had worked together to form a utopian life on the†¦show more content†¦At first things started off pretty well; the harvest was very good the first year and the reading and writing system had helped some, but had limited success on others. In time, the leaders of Animal Farm started to have mixed feelings. Snowball and Napoleon were in constant disagreement. The animals had meetings every sunday and one meeting consisted of Snowball’s plan s to build a windmill and the decision of who would be the leader of â€Å"Animal Farm†. Napoleon wasn’t very good with speaking so he tried to distract Snowball from his speaking so that his plans won’t go through and so the won’t be the leader. â€Å"At last the day came when Snowball s plans were completed. At the Meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work on the windmill was to be put to the vote. When the animals had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat down again; he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball sprang to his feet, and shouting down the sheep, who had begun bleating again, broke into a passionate appeal in favor of the windmill. Until now the animals had been aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Key Themes In Animal Farm By George Orwell952 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm, an allegorical novel by George Orwell, depicts a very clear picture of the events leading up to the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. The techniques Orwell has used when writing this piece allows his robust view points and prominent reoccurring themes to become clear. A couple of themes that stood out the most to me was the use of education and intelligence, as well as corruption of power and leadership to fuel oppression. Orwell uses the imagery of aRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1255 Words   |  6 Pagesin history. With these principles at heart, it only seems logical that human society should become utopian. Despite the principles, the French revolution paved the way for the autocratic rule of Napoleon. History repeats itself; George Orwell’s Animal Farm follows the rise of Animalism which serves as an allegorical reflection of the 1917 Russian revolution that led into the Stalinist era. Many revolutions throughout history follow the same path as the newly installed government always become indistinguishableRead MoreEvaluation Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1101 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Farm by George Orwell The book Animal Farm by George Orwell was first published in 1945, and the context when it was written plays a huge role in shaping it. It was after the Russian Revolution in which we see Joseph Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin’s idea and leadership clearly doesn’t impress George Orwell, as this book shows the dark side of Stalin’s system through a group of fictional characters, the animals. Not only that, the book was also able to foresee theRead MoreEssay about Themes in Animal Farm by George Orwell617 Words   |  3 PagesThere are several themes in Animal Farm, some including: Leadership and corruption, control of naà ¯ve working class, lies and deception, and dreams and hopes. The main themes in Animal Farm leadership and corruption. Animal Farm portrays the history of the Russian Revolution by retelling the development of communism. In the novel, by overthrowing Mr. Jones, the animals give the power to the pigs who take complete co ntrol of the farm. The struggle for superiority between Leon Trotsky, a Russian revolutionaryRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm Corruption Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagespeople can fall subject to corruption. Likewise, one who is already an unjust figure is more than capable of becoming a tyrant. Such is the case in Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell. Animal Farm focuses on the rebellion of the animals on Manor Farm, and their attempt at a socialism-esque society. The leaders of the farm, two pigs named Napoleon and Squealer, gradually change from fair authority figures to unethical dictators. Orwell’s critically acclaimed novel Animal Farm establishes a theme ofRead MoreLord Acton s Lack Of Corruption And Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagestrue (depending on numerous factors), it is, at the very least true to a degree. Corruption always involves power that is misused for personal gain. While corruption is generally associated with politics and political figures, it also occurs in businesses, particularly within the management with emphasis seen in upper management. The managers exhibit different types of management styles as well as forms of corruption. Evidence suggests that as many as half of all upper level managers are both incompetentRead More The Prevalence of Humanity1662 Words   |  7 Pagesor sexual orientation. This idea of societal defects linking back to the defects of human nature is also reflected on in Animal Farm by George Orwell and Lord of the Flies by William Golding, reaching the conclusion that humanity will ultimately pr evail, but only if it chooses to act against the forces of injustice. Both the initial influences in the societies of Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies (Snowball and Ralph respectively) have striking similarities. Both of these leaders are more concernedRead MorePower Corruption. It Is A Never A Leader’S Ideal Is To1081 Words   |  5 PagesPower Corruption It is a never a leader’s ideal is to cause harm are any wrongdoing to his people. Sometimes in his or her attempts to protect their country, some go to the extreme in efforts to shield from external forces. In the end though as history has proven, power is perception. Corruption is due to happen when those who govern separate themselves from whom they govern. In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, George uses an allegorical reference between the animals in the story to symbolizeRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† In George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the author raises the question whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this storyline Orwell utilizes

Personal Narrative and First-Hand Observation free essay sample

Personal Narrative and First-Hand Observation in a Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, the Ballot or the Bullet, and Dance with the Devil By davidleny Personal narrative and first-hand observation are key components if an author wishes to be effective in his writing. Through the use of personal narrative and first- hand observation, the author is able to gain sympathy from or relate to the audience. Although it can be argued the use of these two components does not result in effective writing, it is proven to be true in Frederick Douglass A Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, Malcolm Xs The Ballot or the Bullet, and Immortal Techniques Dance with the Devil. In A Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Frederick uses his personal life experience to demonstrate the inhumane brutality and mistreatment against the African American slaves. Douglass is effective in his writing and attracts the attention of the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative and First-Hand Observation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, earlier in the narrative Frederick mentions how loving and caring his grandmother was and how she took care of and nurtured every slave child. Later on in the narrative he mentions that when his old masters die, his grandmother was isolated and taken away from her children to live alone in the woods in a mud chimney hut. Text 1) The use of Douglass personal experience with his grandmother captivates his audience because the African American enslaved community, whom this narrative at the time was directed towards, also had a grandmother who nurtured them. Likewise in The Ballot or The Bullet by Malcolm X, Malcolm discusses that even though people have differences, we all face the same problem. Malcolm expresses that whether you are Muslim, Baptist, or Methodist, we all are going to suffer the decisions of the man that is in charge of us. (Text 2) The audience is able to connect to his experience because e involved people of all religions. Malcolms experience allows the audience to become aware of what is to come and that they will all suffer the consequences. Malcolm is effective in his writing because he includes the rights of every human. The audience concerning their well being of is captivated and becomes aware of the situation. Furthermore in Dance with the Devil by Immortal Techniques, the artist reveals the truth that not everyone is good, that everyone has evil in them. The artists engagement of all races and of the welfare of the people gains the attention f the audience and is effective. For example, the artist says that the person right next to you could be the devil and that the devil consumes the hearts of the selfish and the wicked. (Text 3, Lines 1,2, and 5. ) His use of the devil as evil supports his belief that not everything is good. First-hand observation and personal narrative is required to have effective writing in order to grasp the attention of the audience. This is evident in Frederick Douglass A Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, Malcolm Xs The Ballot or the Bullet, and Immortal Techniques Dance with the Devil.