Caffeine the Most Popular Drug in The World - 1079 Words

Coffee and tea have been around for many centuries. Coffee was discovered in the land of Abyssinia or also known as Ethiopia (Pendergrast, 2001). It became one of the many sources to create ideas, a common drink for work or school, and created problems. It is common to buy coffee now from Starbucks, Philz Coffee, or brewing it ourselves. Coffee is use to start out our day and keep us awake. Since discovering coffee, Americans consume it everyday. On the other hand, not only is coffee very popular drink but so is drinking Tea. The discovery of tea is very diverse, it goes through many histories and cultural stories. The history of it started out when the British made tea their representing drink, believing no one else can have it (Mair †¦show more content†¦They are all form in a conjugated way with one or more polysaccharide or monosaccharide connected to hydroxyl groups, sometimes an aromatic carbon will come up even during this sugar link (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). An other common compound that are found are carboxylic, organic acids, amines, and lipids (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). Polyphenol is classified on how many number of phenol rings it has and the structure of elements that sticks the rings to each other (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). The rings are divided into four classes. The four main classes are phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and lignas (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). Phenolic acids have two divided classes, which are derivatives of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). In the hydroxycinnamic acids is where it consumes the caffeine (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). Flavonoids have a primary structure that contains two aromatic rings which are connected to three carbon atoms that forms from oxygenated heterocycle (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). They are responsible for producing the color in leaves and flowers (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). Stilbenes have two phenyl moieties that are attached to two-carbon methylene bridge (Pandey, K., Rizvi, S, 2009). They act as antifungal and are responsible to help infection and cuts. Ligands chemical compound have a 2,3- dibenzyl butane structure, and shapes into a dimerization of two cinnamic acid residues (Pandey, K.,Show MoreRelatedConsumption of Caffeine by Minors1621 Words   |  6 PagesConsumption of caffeine by minors has increased significantly in the past few years. In the modern community it is a common practice amongst teens to consume coffee as a part of an afterschool get together or as an energy booster in the morning. Many other teens consume highly caffeinated drinks that are known as energy drinks, even a can of coke has a very high amount of caffeine present in it. Consequently is caffeine an energy booster or a detriment to wellbeing. So should children be able toRead MoreThe Role of Caffeine in Society Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine plays an enormous role in society today, from coffee to cokes to candy bars. Compa nies have made billions off the desire for that extra kick. Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world making it one of the world’s most popular drugs. It’s known for the ability to stimulate the brain and central nervous system. The Chemical structure of caffeine is C8H10N4O2. Before the popular use of caffeine one can assume that people were sleepier, and less alert. ConsumptionRead MoreEnergy Drinks And Caffeinated Beverages Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesboth is caffeine. Caffeine is a mild stimulant drug and is considered to be the most popular used drug in the world (Striley et al. 2011). The differences in energy drinks and caffeinated beverages can be drastic when comparing their caffeine levels. The main health risks that are associated with energy drinks can be directly linked to their main ingredient, caffeine (Breda et al. 2014). Consuming excess caffeine can cause a caffeine overdose. Energy drinks increase the risk for a caffeine overdoseRead MoreInformative Essay On Caffeine900 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine. From your morning cup of coffee to the pain relievers for your headache, nearly 90% of Americans consume it daily, making it America’s most popular drug. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant around the world and present in many different products including coffee, tea, energy drinks, chocolates, and over-the-count er medications. Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system that can cause physical dependence, but doesn’t threaten the health of the consumer the way addictiveRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pages Caffeine is the most abused drug in the world. Many people wake up, and start there day with some sort of caffeine. Some it is for the energy boost, and to help them stay awake and focused. Others it is for the addictive crave. It is the most popular drug in the United States. Caffeine is in almost everything such as, sodas, over-counter medication, prescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your healthRead MoreCaffeine Is A Good Source Of Energy1261 Words   |  6 Pages Caffeine is a good source of energy. People drink caffeine such as coffee and energy drinks to help them stay awake and get throughout their day. Caffeine is a naturally occurring chemical stimulant called Trimethylxanthine. The chemical formula for caffeine is C8H10N402. There are many different types of caffeine. It is used in many different ways and is in the food and drinks we digest today. One of the most popular sources of caffeine today is tea. The first tea cup was brewed in 2732 BRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine On The Central Nervous System1643 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine is an alkaloid discovered in 1819 by Friedlieb Runge and a German baron known as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Caffeine is a crystalline compound that is found in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system. It is a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 also found in cacao and kola nuts and is used as a stimulant. Caffeine is a stimulant used to make us feel as though we’re awake. Caffeine actually doesn’t give us energy at all, it just tricks our brain into thinking we aren’tRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine On The Central Nervous System1627 Words   |  7 PagesJohann Wolfgang von Goethe. Caffeine is a crystalline compound that is found in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system. It is a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 also found in cacao and kola nuts and is used as a stimulant. Caffeine is a stimulant used to make us feel as though we’re awake. Caffeine actually doesn’t give us energy at all, it just tricks our brain into thinking we aren’t tired. It’s most popular usage I noticed in fellow college students is energy drinks, sodasRead MoreEssay On Caffeine975 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most popular and convenient drugs in the world is consumed by most americans every single day. When drinking a hot cup of coffee in the morning, having a cold glass of soda in your lunch, or sitting down for dinner with your relaxing cup of tea, many fail to realize the main addictive ingredient in all three of these beverages is caffeine. Caffeine is something most people overlook in their daily lives and can be harmful if taken too much. Typically, the majority of not only adults, butRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1263 Words   |  6 Pages28 May 2017 Caffeine Is A Killer Caffeine is the most utilized and popular nervous system stimulant, but it is legal and unregulated all across the world; however, the question is, should it be regulated because of the consequences that come along with it? Caffeine is killing people with how high the consumption rate has gone up; â€Å"about 83% of adults drink coffee in the U.S.† (Coffee grinds US for the nation, KAren Fernau). Because of how much people are taking advantage of caffeine to get through

Alternative Ending for Lord of the Flies Essay - 797 Words

Alternative Ending for Lord of the Flies Ralph, half staggering, half crawling like a wounded dog, looked up into the sky for a resolution, a sign of hope. But it did not give any. The sounds of the enemy were growing closer, and Ralphs situation was becoming more urgent by the second. He had two choices: to carry on making his way towards the reef, and hope that his luck would turn and a ship would pass his way, or to go up the mountain, into the beasts realm, yet where the savages wouldnt dare look. He chose the latter. A sudden tribal cry brought him back to earth, and triggered an adrenaline rush. With forgotten energy, he leaped through the foliage into the depths of the jungle.†¦show more content†¦He began focusing his remaining energy on hating Jack and his hunters, on despising their inhumane behavior, and on asking himself the same question over and over again. Why me Lord! he suddenly shouted. He staggered to his feet, his face a mask of abhorrence. With that he threw himself against a nearby mahogany tree, and saw no more. An hour or so later, Ralph opened his eyes. His head felt as if it had been lit on fire. The handsome rich brown colour of the mahogany tree was now smeared with dark red blood. Suddenly, with a blink of Ralphs eye, a short blond boy appeared. Simon! Ralph sobbed, the emotion over taking him. Hullo Ralph, Simon said. Im sssory Simonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We didnt mean toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He trailed off, weeping in terrible memory. Its aright. I suppose it was meant to happen. Anyway, I feel a lot better now. I am free of my pain and my sorrow. But dont let them kill you Ralph. Dont let me have died in vainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Simon said. I wont Simon, I wont. Ralph said, almost in a whisper. He was in an emotional wreck now. His limbs were weak and lifeless. His hair was blackened with grime and blood. His eyes were glazed over, and looked like that of a corpse. His tears could no longer fall down theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Alternative Ending to William Goldings Lord of the Flies677 Words   |  3 PagesAn Alternative Ending to William Goldings Lord of the Flies Ralph stumbled over a root, he could hear the snapping of twigs getting ever nearer as the boys closed in on his position. Samneric had heard Ralphs cry and darted towards the sound. As they drew near they saw Ralph sprinting through the forest and tried to catch up with him. Ralph tripped again, this time over a flaming log and fell to the ground in agony. his leg had been burnt, blisters were already formedRead MoreComparison of a Clockwork Orange and Lord of the Flies2273 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Goodness is something chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man.†Ã‚   How do Anthony Burgess in A Clockwork Orange and William Golding in Lord of the Flies reflect violence and social responsibility? 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The author of Lord of the Flies, Golding, shows a similar story where it is about life and death situation for a group of lost boys on a islandRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in Lord of the Flies2983 Words   |  12 PagesSymbolism in Lord of the Flies The story, Lord of the Flies, has many interesting symbols relating adult society to kids surviving on an island. Many of the characters and items in this novel such as Jack or the conch can be interpreted on a macroscopic scale but the most important being this; a microcosm of children on an island makes a Read MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe3287 Words   |  14 Pagespublished in 2006 and includes poems taken from his renowned sonnet sequence School of Eloquence, which draw upon Harrison’s own upbringing and pay tribute to the challenges of the British working class. 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Within The Road and Handmaid’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essays3973 Words   |  16 Pagesand relationships. The different couples never seem to encounter love running smoothly and are or have gone through problems when in love. Shakespeare shows us what love can make you do but at the end we have a traditional fairy tale ending where the audience eventually see the couples re-united and harmony restored. Love is the main theme and is portrayed by Shakespeare as a kind of madness. Nowadays love is classed as a good thing, but in the play love and reasonRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 Pagesstructure, and describe the process step by step. An essay becomes more complicated when a position has to be defended, as in a persuasive essay. The Persuasive Essay The persuasive essay must choose a side, make a case for it, consider and refute alternative arguments, and prove to the undecided reader that the opinion it presents is the best one. You must be aware of other sides and be fair to them; dismissing them completely will weaken your own argument. It is always best to take a side that youRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesfacies), the images ascending in them, and the names of the planets with which they are connected, beginning from Aries, with Mars, the Sun and Venus and ending in Pisces with Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. There are a few words of introduction to the list, stating that the effects of the decans are founded in their concord with the physeis of their â€Å"lords†. A postscript discusses the relative power of the various planets and astrological positions and of the physeis (pp.133-140). An identical descriptionRead MoreOdyssey Historical Background6500 Words   |  26 PagesOdysseus. Now at last, Odysseus identifies himself to Penelope. She is hesitant, but accepts him when he mentions that their bed was made from an olive tree still rooted to the ground. 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The Dead End Street free essay sample

rrorized my youth and those in my community. Incubated in an American culture of those aspiring to the middle class, but stuck outside of it, I often pouted as my mother could not lend me a quarter. The grocery store was my amusement park, and the promise of a candy bar sent thrills up my spine. I rarely got my candy bar, and the reason was always the same no money. The audacity, I often thought, that she could come to the store without money or change to spare. My mother and I emigrated from a third world country that could be described as a den of murderous thieves where saints walk and pride runs rampant. Jamaicas zealous and fervent womb produced a strong woman i am proud to call my mother. The religious blueprint of my mother laid the foundation for my upbringing. The whole chain of command and respect of elders was prioritized. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dead End Street or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I survived without material things; like a vagabond in the desert I went on without. Shoes, wardrobe, and popularity seem to be the only thing going through many a middle school kid’s head, because of the dependence on social acceptance. I, on the other hand, had numbed my mind from those thoughts because they were shallow distractions. Staying legally sound and being successful are not common amongst my peers; success, for my community that narrow path is one un-trodden. Fear, denial, self doubt, and boldness shaped and made me different from the others in my situation. fear of failure, denial of what my enemies expected of me, storms of self doubt i weathered that molded me, and the boldness to risk embarrassment to accomplish my goals. I recall as a child, scurrying home in great anxiety, abandoning neighborhood parks in fear of an older and more powerful generation. These local vermin would go to the â€Å"park†, our elementary school yard; therefore I quickly left for home upon dismissal. I reluctantly accepted the unspoken laws of our fragmented community, as I turned tail home. Respect out of fear, staying out of trouble and achieving good goals rarely occur where I come from. Isolation from the negativity was good for me, because if I was surrounded by negativity I could not maintain my positive mindset. I think differently—I am always the odd man out. None of my childhood friends were in any of my classes. Instead I found people who judged me on appearance in the advanced classes. I had to gain my peer’s and teacher’s respect on an intellectual level by answering questions quickly and accurately, leaving an array of impressed faces. As the only person of color and from a low income community, I maintained my individualism. I remain an individual, as do my cast of friends which is full of engaging characters. I have lived on a real dead end, which has been a key to my development; it allowed me to escape all the negativity around me and to advance. I always had a safe haven hidden, where I could escape reality. It shaped my psyche and perspective. Many associate dead ends with negativity but I, however, see the good in every bad, the soul in every dictator but also the demon in every angel. The world needs thinkers. My experiences have given me the perspective a nd tools to engage and prosper as a college student. In return, college will provide me with critical thinking exercises which will help me to continue to turn dead end streets into bridges to success.

Kandinskys Improvisation 28 What Lurks Beyond the Abstract

Abstract art has definitely shaken the world, reinventing people’s perception of what reality is (Walther, 2000); and, talking about abstract art, Kandinsky and his daring experiments should be mentioned first. By far the most famous, the most frequently researched and the most often misinterpreted, his Improvisation 28 deserves a close attention.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28: What Lurks Beyond the Abstract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that the chaos depicted in the artwork is typically attributed to the horrors of the World War I, it can be assumed that the artist’s goal was to display not the pointless bloodbath that the WWI was, but the atmosphere of complete denial and total loss of hope that swung in the air since the World War I broke out. Even being a specimen of an abstract art, Kandinsky’s work still has all the properties o f a traditional artwork. However, some of these properties have been stretched to their furthest extremes, therefore, making the painting look almost grotesque and yet managing to convey the despair that the Improvisation 28 is shot through with. For example, the line is very smooth in the composition; neither or the elements has any sharp edges or simply looks clumsy – every single line is drawn in a nonchalant yet smooth manner. Another formal element worth a discussion is the color cast. On the one hand, the work looks unusually colorful for expressing the despair and sorrow that gripped the world after the WWI. Indeed, taking a quick look at the painting is enough to see that Kandinsky’s choice of colors is very versatile. With yellow, green and blue being the focus of the picture, and a touch of the red color to mark the edges and add the impression of flickers of fire, or, perhaps, a dawning day, the picture might seem rather optimistic. However, the gloomy, almo st grayish shades that Kandinsky uses in his painting suck all the liveliness out of the picture, therefore, making one think of the hopes that used to be so daring and yet were killed so mercilessly. Hence the use of another formal element, i.e., light, stems. With a number of spots left empty on the white canvas, Kandinsky managed to keep the light out of the picture as hard as possible therefore, hinting at the probable post-apocalyptic results of the WWI for the entire humankind (Aronov, 2006). As a result, Kandinsky made a very wise use of space, cluttering the elements that are supposed to symbolize the outcomes of the WWI and leaving considerable white space at the bottom of the picture. Thus, the emptiness, which the bloodbath of the WWI resulted in, was shown to the audience.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The structure of the artwork is rather peculiar. On the one hand , there is no clear symmetry in the painting; every single element has its own unique shape and role in the artwork. However, together, these elements see, weirdly harmonic. For example, the two picture planes that the right prolonged elements split the artwork in, make the painting look especially organic. The line drawn from the upper right side of the picture into the horizon also contributes to understanding the structure of the picture better. The texture of the picture is rather standard. By using oil on canvas, Kandinsky managed to create a truly outstanding work of art. Finally, one must say a couple of words about the composition of the painting. As it has been stressed, the work is split into three parts, i.e., the cluttered left side, a more spacious right side and the horizon, which has been painted in blazing red. It seems that the aforementioned elements represent the chaos (the left side), the devastation and emptiness that the WWI has left the humankind to (the right side), and the unclear future (the upper right corner). As it has been stressed above, the key historical context of the Impression 28 is the concept of the World War I as one of the most, if not the most devastating and horrendous events that have ever taken place in the world history. One of the key reasons why the given artwork differs so much from the rest of the portrayals of the WWI, especially the use of smooth lines, can be explained by Kandinsky’s life experience. As Gardner and Kleiner explain, â€Å"Born in Russia, Vassily Kandinsky (1866– 1944) moved to Munich in 1896 and soon developed a spontaneous and aggressively avant-garde expressive style† (Gardner Kleiner, 2009, 386). Therefore, it can be assumed that the Slavic origin, combined with the experience in Germany and, therefore, resulting in both denial of the Nazi movement and the feeling that he was still a part of it, led to Kandinsky developing a very unusual, sharp and emotionally unstable , almost to the point where it turned into a grotesque, painting style: â€Å"Artists, Kandinsky believed, must express the spirit and their innermost feelings by orchestrating color, form, line and space† (Gardner Kleiner, 2009, 692). Improvisation 28, thus, seems the utter manifestation of the given style, Kandinsky’s most successful attempt at portraying his denial of the Nazi policy and the fear of the post-WWI world, with its devastation and the death of all hopes for further development. In some respect, however, Kandinsky’s work can be considered the product of its time. It would be wrong to claim that Kandinsky was the only artist who used the â€Å"lineless† and â€Å"shapeless† manner of painting at the beginning of the XX century. As Selz explained,Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28: What Lurks Beyond the Abstract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first decade of the twentieth century saw European art moving along a number of fronts in the general direction of an art without representational imagery – toward an art purely of colors, lines and shapes that bore no direct relationship to the appearance of the outside world. (Selz, n. d., 421). That being said, one must admit that there is much more to the artwork than most people see in it; the chaotic elements are supposed not to express a specific event in history, even such grandeur one, as the WWI, but to embrace something even more overwhelming, like the spirit of lost hopes that had been soaring in the air since the beginning of the XX century (Knapp, 2000). These were not the acts of violence occurring during the WWI that Vassily Kandinsky focused on, but the moods in the society that drove people to committing these acts of violence. In other words, Improvisation 28 is not supposed to express the artist’s idea about the tendencies in the society at the beginning of the XX century. The painting expresses the turmoil, the fears, the anxiety and the despair of the humankind at the beginning of the new century, making the audience experience every single emotion, which makes the painting unbearably true and amazingly grotesque at the same time. Reference List Aronov, I. (2006). Kandinsky’s quest: A study in the artist’s personal symbolism, 1866–1907. New York, NY: Peter Lang. Gardner, H. Kleiner, F. S. (2009). Gardner’s art through the ages: A concise global history. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Knapp, S. (2000). The contemporary thesaurus of search terms and synonyms: A guide for natural language computer searching. Phoenix, AZ: The Orys Press.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selz, P. (n. d.). The aesthetic theories of Kandinsky and their relationship to the origin of non-objective painting. Retrieved from https://msu.edu/course/ha/240/selzkandinsky.pdf Walther, I. F. (2000). Art of the 20th century. Vol.1. Koln, DE: Taschen. This essay on Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28: What Lurks Beyond the Abstract was written and submitted by user Lindsey Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

George Washington Essays (1129 words) - George Washington

George Washington Steven Sims Social Studies 8-6 4/5/99 Born February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, he was the first son of his father Augustine's second marriage; his mother was the former Mary Ball of Epping Forest. When George was about three, his family moved to Little Hunting Creek on the Potomac, then to Ferry Farm opposite Fredericksburg on the Rappahannock in King George County. In the interim, the powerful Fairfax family of neighboring Belvoir introduced him to the accomplishments and appropriateness of mannered wealth and, in 1748, provided him his first adventure. That year Lord Fairfax dispatched him with a party that spent a month surveying Fairfax lands in the still-wild Shenandoah. In the expedition, he began to appreciate the uses and value of land, an appreciation that grew the following year with his appointment as Culpeper County surveyor, certified by the College of William and Mary. Washington also succeeded to Lawrence's militia office. Governor Robert Dinwiddie first appointed him adjutant for the southern district of the colony's militia, but soon conferred on him Lawrence's aide for the Northern Neck and Eastern Shore. So it happened that in 1753 the governor sent 21-year-old Washington to warn French troops at Fort Duquesne at the forks of the Ohio (modern Pittsburgh) that they were infiltrating in territory claimed by Virginia. The French ignored the warning and the mission failed, but when Washington returned Dinwiddie had Williamsburg printer William Hunter publish his official report as The Journal of Major George Washington. It made the young officer well-known at home and abroad. Returning to the Ohio in April with 150 men to remove the intruders, Washington got his first taste of war in a fight with a French scouting party. He wrote to his brother Jack, I heard the bullets whistle, and, believe me, there is something charming in the sound. A second engagement quickly followed and Washington, retreating to Fort Necessity, was beaten by a more numerous French force. He surrendered and, in his ignorance of French, signed an embarrassing surrender agreement. But he had opportunities to correct his defeat. The whistling bullets declared the start of the Seven Years' War, as it was called in Europe. In America it was called the French and Indian War or, sometimes, Virginia's War. Horace Walpole wrote, The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire. Washington returned to the field as an aide to General Braddock in 1755 and performed with honor, despite crippling illness, in the disastrous campaign against Fort Duquesne. Later that year Dinwiddie gave him command of all Virginia forces and promoted him to colonel. In these years Washington had two disputes with English officers who viewed their regular-army commissions as superior to that of the Virginia militia commander. These disputes may mark the beginning of Washington's resentment of British attitudes toward the colonies. Operating from a fort at Winchester, Washington protected the Virginia frontier until 1758 when he was made a militia brigadier and helped to chase the French from Fort Duquesne for good. Washington resigned at war's end and retired to Mount Vernon. He was defeated in elections for the House of Burgesses in 1755 and 1757, but won in 1758 and was seated the following year from Frederick County. For 15 years he devoted himself to his legislative work and his farm. During this period, he also became a family man, marrying the widow Martha Dandridge Custis, the mother of two children, on January 6, 1759, in New Kent County. In 1760, Washington took on the additional duties of a Fairfax County justice of the peace. He also found time for the amusements of a Virginia gentleman--fox hunting, snuff taking, plays, billiards, cards, dancing, and fishing. He delighted in bottles of Madeira, plates of watermelon, and dishes of oysters. In these years his anger of the inferiority of American interests to those of England grew. When Parliament attempted to impose the Stamp Act in 1769, Washington told an friend that Parliament hath no more right to put their hands into my pocket, without my consent, than I have to put my hands into yours for money. By 1774 he was in the lead of the defense

Longisquama - Facts and Figures

Longisquama - Facts and Figures Name: Longisquama (Greek for long scales); pronounced LONG-ih-SKWA-mah Habitat: Woodlands of central Asia Historical Period: Middle Triassic (230-225 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six inches long and a few ounces Diet: Probably insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; feather-like plumes on pack About Longisquama To judge by its single, incomplete fossil specimen, Longisquama was closely related to other small, gliding reptiles of the Triassic period like Kuehneosaurus and Icarosaurus. The difference is that these latter reptiles possessed flat, butterfly-like wings of skin, whereas Longisquama had thin, narrow plumes jutting out from its vertebrae, the exact orientation of which is a continuing mystery. Its possible that these quill-like structures extended from side to side and gave Longisquama some lift when it jumped from branch to branch of high trees, or they may have stuck straight up and served a strictly decorative function, probably related to sexual selection. Of course, it hasnt escaped the notice of scientists that Longisquamas frills seem to have stopped just short of being genuine feathers. A small handful of paleontologists have seized on this resemblance to propose that Longisquama may have been ancestral to birdswhich would either cause this creature (which is tentatively classified as a diapsid reptile) to be reclassified as an early dinosaur or archosaur, or upend established thought entirely and trace modern birds back to an obscure family of gliding lizards. Until more fossil evidence is found, though, the current theory (that birds evolved from feathered theropod dinosaurs) appears to be safe!

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Essay Example The overall purpose of the project is to provide the medical, psychological as well as emotional support to the teens and youngsters who may be using drugs. The overall rehabilitation as well as their revival is one of the key purposes of the organization however, the focus is also assisting these teens to develop leadership qualities. Team building as well as organizational skills is also taught to these teens in order to help them to live a life which is organized and based upon mutual help of each other. The organization therefore is a non-profit organization with focus upon ensuring that the teens and youth are provided a new opportunity to live a better and more constructive life at the individual as well as community level. Target Population Though apparently the overall target population of the teens facing drug related issues what is however important to note that parents and guardians of the teens are targeted too. Since rehabilitating the teens is a holistic approach theref ore healthcare service providers therefore not only target the patients themselves but the parents of these children also. This approach is taken in order to ensure that the parent play a better and more constructive role in the recovery and rehabilitation of their children. It is also important to understand that healthcare service provider professionals work on the basis of developing co-leaders and presenting leaders in every situation. This sort of approach therefore helps the organizations to actually better target their population and become more organized in ensuring their proper response to their target population. (Kerfoot, 2004) The Benefits of the Program Apparently, the overall benefit of the program is to produce healthy and constructive citizens who can be better individuals. However, on the whole, program intends to develop a community which is based upon mutual respect and help for each other. In order to accomplish this task, this program therefore is aimed at utili zing and developing the leadership skills of the healthcare service provides including nurses to manage different situations on their own. This therefore allows the healthcare service providers to become more independent in carrying out their responsibilities and become more accountable and responsible for what they treat and deal with at healthcare services providing facilities. The Cost & Budget Justifications The overall cost of rehabilitating the teens and the youth is more than $5 million dollars per annum. This cost includes both the cost of medicines and other support directly required by the individuals in the overall process of rehabilitating them. It also include the support cost such as admin and other running expenses required to accomplish the task of providing overall support to the patients. Such high cost has also been due to the fact that it is becoming difficult to actually hire and retain quality nurses. The overall focus therefore is to build effective teams and co-leaders who can shine in every situation. In order to accomplish this task, more is being spent on training and development of the nurses to improve their overall capability to handle difficult cases in limited time and budget. The Basis of Evaluation One of the basic